山东三所新材料技术有限公司

　　隐蔽性对生存能力至关重要，但无论是部队还是车辆，无论白天还是黑夜，在战场上有效地隐蔽已不再像以前那样明确。

　　Concealment is crucial for survival ability, but whether it is troops or vehicles, day or night, effective concealment on the battlefield is no longer as clear as before.

　　借助良好的伪装，躲避敌人，远离视线，是战争中生存的基本要求。长期以来，使用天然或局部覆盖物以及标准伪装网一直是隐藏部队、车辆、装甲等的标准做法；树林中的树枝和当地树叶，开阔草原上用于个人伪装的长草，农场环境中用于覆盖装甲车的干草包和白色塑料布。你明白了。其目的是尽可能地融入周围的景观和环境，也可以通过修改这些环境，使它们看起来也类似于隐藏的资产；在临时装置上绘制破坏性图案，使用虚拟或诱饵资产将敌人的视线从真实物体上移开——这都是简单、基本的伪装和隐蔽练习。然而，今天的战场远非直截了当。

　　The basic requirement for survival in war is to use good camouflage, avoid enemies, and stay out of sight. For a long time, the use of natural or local coverings and standard camouflage nets has been the standard practice for hiding troops, vehicles, armor, etc; Branches and local leaves in the forest, long grass used for personal camouflage on open grasslands, hay bags and white plastic sheeting used to cover armored vehicles in farm environments. You understand now. Its purpose is to integrate as much as possible into the surrounding landscape and environment, and it can also be modified to make these environments look similar to hidden assets; Drawing destructive patterns on temporary devices and using virtual or decoy assets to shift the enemy's gaze away from real objects - these are simple, basic camouflage and concealment exercises. However, today's battlefield is far from straightforward.

　　在当今传感器密集的环境中，作战人员比以往任何时候都更难躲避敌人的观察和监视，无论他们的伪装或藏身之处有多好。自冷战结束以来，由于缺乏实践和关注非对等冲突，伪装和隐蔽的基本技能似乎已经丧失。正是传感器技术的最新进展，现在可以在黑暗中“看到”，穿过遮蔽物、雾，几乎所有东西，甚至探测的前景——这通常会导致破坏——使得在当今的战场上进行有效的隐蔽变得极其具有挑战性。也就是说，基本技能仍然是绝对必要的，好消息是，有技术可以提高被敌人发现的可能性。

　　In today's sensor intensive environment, it is more difficult than ever for combatants to evade enemy observation and surveillance, no matter how well disguised or hidden they are. Since the end of the Cold War, the basic skills of disguise and concealment seem to have been lost due to a lack of practice and attention to non reciprocal conflicts. It is the latest advances in sensor technology that make it possible to "see" in the dark, through cover, fog, almost everything, and even the prospect of detection - which often leads to destruction - that make effective concealment on today's battlefield extremely challenging. That is to say, basic skills are still absolutely necessary, and the good news is that there is technology that can increase the likelihood of being discovered by enemies.

　　本文通过伪装和隐蔽的一些基本原理、面临的挑战和乌克兰战场的相关经验，简要介绍了伪装和隐蔽，然后介绍了一些最新技术和先进的隐蔽解决方案，这些技术和解决方案可以提高在当今威胁下的生存机会。

　　This article briefly introduces camouflage and concealment through some basic principles, challenges faced, and relevant experience on the Ukrainian battlefield. Then, it introduces some latest technologies and advanced concealment solutions that can improve survival opportunities under today's threats.

　　该领域的新威胁

　　New threats in this field

　　对于冲突双方的士兵来说，隐藏意味着在乌克兰活着，正如网上发布的许多视频所显示的那样，尤其是在使用新时代的头顶威胁的情况下。双方使用的无人驾驶飞行器（UAV）、巡航弹药和第一人称视角（FPV）无人机改变了战争的面貌，躲避这些威胁性的空中危险已成为双方的主要生存问题。例如，2023年底，俄罗斯在基辅、巴赫穆特和前线其他地区夜间使用无人机开始威胁乌克兰军队，夜间发动了新的、更频繁的袭击。从那以后，他们的数量只增长了。乌克兰军队发现，无论他们多么安静，伪装得多么好，无论是在网下还是在树叶下，他们仍然有被无人机发现的风险。夜间使用的无人机可以配备各种传感设备，包括微光相机、图像增强管和热成像（TI）相机。这些都使其用户能够对敌方夜间活动构成威胁，如后勤和补给，以及侦察、战斗巡逻等。据报道，它们甚至比火炮更致命、更准确。

　　For soldiers on both sides of the conflict, hiding means living in Ukraine, as shown in many videos posted online, especially when using new era overhead threats. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), cruise ammunition, and first person perspective (FPV) drones by both sides has changed the face of war, and avoiding these threatening aerial dangers has become the main survival issue for both sides. For example, by the end of 2023, Russia began using drones at night in Kiev, Bakhmut, and other areas on the front lines to threaten the Ukrainian military, launching new and more frequent attacks at night. Since then, their numbers have only increased. The Ukrainian military has found that no matter how quiet or well disguised they are, whether under the net or under the leaves, they still face the risk of being detected by drones. Drones used at night can be equipped with various sensing devices, including low light cameras, image enhancement tubes, and thermal imaging (TI) cameras. All of these enable its users to pose a threat to enemy nighttime activities, such as logistics and supply, as well as reconnaissance, combat patrols, and so on. According to reports, they are even more deadly and accurate than artillery.

　　其中，TI摄像头构成了特别值得注意的威胁。问题？热信号。无论是人员、发动机温暖的车辆，还是其他散热场景/部署，白天都可能伪装得很好，但在黑暗中，它们会像圣诞树一样亮起来，让任何TI传感器都能看到。

　　Among them, TI cameras pose a particularly noteworthy threat. The problem? Hot signal. Whether it's personnel, vehicles with warm engines, or other cooling scenarios/deployments, they may disguise themselves well during the day, but in the dark, they will light up like a Christmas tree, visible to any TI sensor.

　　适应和应对这一威胁一直很困难，但乌克兰军队已经学会了有意识地考虑他们在夜间采取的每一个行动，无论多么小。他们也改变了日常工作，承担了以前在完全黑暗中进行的任务，如物流和补给，所以现在这些任务是在灰色时期——黄昏或黎明前——处理的，这是白天周期中最难清楚分辨任何物体的时期。然而，对乌克兰人来说，没有什么是完全有效的，因此传统的伪装和使用他们自己的低光、图像增强器和TI设备来帮助检测这些头顶威胁，几乎是目前的方法，尽管这可能有其缺点，包括设备电池寿命限制、视野受限和疲劳。

　　Adapting to and responding to this threat has always been difficult, but the Ukrainian military has learned to consciously consider every action they take at night, no matter how small. They have also changed their daily work and taken on tasks that were previously carried out in complete darkness, such as logistics and supplies, so now these tasks are processed during the gray period - dusk or dawn - which is the most difficult time to clearly distinguish any object in the daytime cycle. However, for Ukrainians, nothing is completely effective, so traditional camouflage and the use of their own low light, image intensifier, and TI devices to help detect these overhead threats are almost the current methods, although this may have its drawbacks, including device battery life limitations, limited visibility, and fatigue.

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