山东三所新材料技术有限公司

　　实现隐身一直是人类身自古以来的梦想：从《西游记》中孙大圣的隐身术到《哈利波特》中哈利的隐身斗篷，这一梦想受到全世界人们的广泛关注。隐身在狭义上仅仅指用眼睛看不见，更广义的隐身则不仅仅局限于眼睛，而是泛指使用某一探测手段（如雷达、声呐）无法探测到，就称之为在这种探测手段下隐身。实现隐身在军事上有重要的应用，比如隐身飞机、隐身舰艇等可以悄无声息的接近目标，因此隐身技术成为各国在军事领域的研究焦点。随着科学技术的发展，各类隐身衣在许多不同物理场中成功实现，并且持续成为不同领域的研究热点。隐身衣的原理是什么？都有哪些不同的隐身衣？它们是怎样被实现的？如果有朝一日可以穿上隐身衣，你打算给亲朋好友一个怎样的惊喜（惊吓）呢？假如你对这些问题感兴趣，这篇文章就是为你精心准备的 。

　　Realizing invisibility has always been a dream of humanity since ancient times: from Sun Dasheng's invisibility technique in Journey to the West to Harry's invisibility cloak in Harry Potter, this dream has received widespread attention from people around the world. In a narrow sense, invisibility refers only to the inability to see with the eyes, while in a broader sense, invisibility is not limited to the eyes, but generally refers to the inability to detect using a certain detection method (such as radar or sonar), which is called invisibility under this detection method. The implementation of stealth technology has important military applications, such as stealth aircraft, stealth ships, etc., which can approach targets silently. Therefore, stealth technology has become a research focus in the military field of various countries. With the development of science and technology, various types of invisibility cloaks have been successfully implemented in many different physical fields and continue to become a research hotspot in different fields. What is the principle of invisibility cloak? What are the different invisibility cloaks available? How are they implemented? If one day you could wear a invisibility cloak, what kind of surprise (shock) would you give to your family and friends? If you are interested in these issues, this article has been carefully prepared for you.

　　隐身衣的工作原理

　　The working principle of invisibility cloak

　　欲要实现隐身，让我们先了解一下为什么我们可以看见。一种比较普遍的情况是：物体反射或散射的光线进入我们的眼睛，从而可以看见物体

　　To achieve invisibility, let's first understand why we can see. A common situation is that the light reflected or scattered by an object enters our eyes, allowing us to see the object

　　知道了这个原理，不禁让人生出一个大胆的想法：如果一件衣服可以把光线完全吸收而不反射或散射任何光线，是不是就可以隐身了呢？众所周知，黑色可以很好地吸收光线，穿一件超级黑色的斗篷覆盖全身

　　Knowing this principle, one cannot help but have a bold idea: if a piece of clothing can completely absorb light without reflecting or scattering any light, can it become invisible? As is well known, black can absorb light very well, wearing a super black cloak to cover the whole body

　　计隐身斗篷的基本原理是使光线的传播不受物体影响。

　　The basic principle of the invisibility cloak is to prevent the propagation of light from being affected by objects.

　　原理虽然简单，实现却是难题：因为绝大多数物体都是不透明的，光线无法穿透它们继续传播。怎样让光线不受物体影响呢？目前的基本思路是设计一层特殊结构的材料包裹物体，而这层特殊材料可以让光线绕过物体并沿着原来的传播路径继续传播

　　Although the principle is simple, implementation is a challenge: because the vast majority of objects are opaque, light cannot penetrate them and continue to propagate. How to prevent light from being affected by objects? The current basic idea is to design a layer of special structured material to wrap around an object, which can allow light to bypass the object and continue to propagate along its original path

　　如何让光线绕过物体？普遍的做法是先从理论上计算所需的折射率，然后寻找具有这种折射率的材料从实验上实现。一种重要的理论计算方式是2006年伦敦帝国学院的John Pentry教授及其合作者提出的变换光学理论。其关键在于利用坐标变换的方式将一个体积为零的点变换成一个体积非零的区域，并将物体隐藏在这个特殊区域中。由于体积为零的点对光线传播不会产生任何影响，它变换出来的特殊区域也会有类似的性质，从而实现光线绕过物体的效果，具体折射率参数可以从坐标变换中求出

　　How to make light pass around objects? The common practice is to first calculate the required refractive index theoretically, and then find materials with this refractive index to experimentally implement. An important theoretical calculation method is the transformation optics theory proposed by Professor John Pentry and his collaborators at Imperial College London in 2006. The key is to use coordinate transformation to transform a point with zero volume into a region with non-zero volume, and hide the object in this special region. Due to the fact that a point with zero volume has no effect on the propagation of light rays, the special area it transforms will also have similar properties, thus achieving the effect of light rays bypassing objects. The specific refractive index parameters can be obtained from coordinate transformation

　　所以隐身衣的本质就是，制造一个光线会绕过的区域并把物体隐藏其中，从而实现隐身。这种方式已经可以在实验中实现，比如用几个透镜制造出一个光线会完全绕过的区域，当把物体放入这个区域时外界完全无法探测到

　　So the essence of invisibility cloak is to create an area where light will pass through and hide objects, thereby achieving invisibility. This method can already be implemented in experiments, such as using several lenses to create an area where light will completely bypass, and when an object is placed in this area, the outside world cannot detect it at all

本文由户外用品友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击:http://www.csdssc.com/真诚的态度.为您提供为的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

This article is a friendly contribution from outdoor products. For more related knowledge, please click: http://www.csdssc.com/ Sincere attitude. We provide you with excellent service. We will gradually contribute more knowledge to you. Please stay tuned