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可见光伪装方法

Visible light camouflage method

可见光伪装主要通过模仿背景环境的反射光谱，减少目标与背景的反射光谱差异，从而降低目标的可探测性。目前可见光伪装主要依靠迷彩涂层实现。所谓迷彩，就是军事上使用的可能使人产生错觉的色彩。迷彩图案可以使士兵与背景环境相融合，提高士兵的作战能力和行动的隐蔽性。

Visible light camouflage mainly imitates the reflection spectrum of the background environment, reducing the difference in reflection spectra between the target and the background, thereby reducing the detectability of the target. At present, visible light camouflage mainly relies on camouflage coatings. The so-called camouflage refers to the colors used in military that may create illusions. Camouflage patterns can blend soldiers with the background environment, improving their combat capabilities and the concealment of their actions.

迷彩主要可以分成 3 种：保护迷彩、变形迷彩和仿造迷彩。保护迷彩只有单一色调，如绿色，工艺简单，生产成本低，但是伪装效果差；变形迷彩由多种形状不规则、大小不一的斑点组成，主要用于活动目标；仿造迷彩是模仿自然背景图案和颜色的迷彩，多用于固定目标。

Camouflage can be mainly divided into three types: protective camouflage, deformable camouflage, and imitation camouflage. Protecting camouflage only has a single color tone, such as green, which has a simple process and low production cost, but the camouflage effect is poor; Metamorphous camouflage is composed of various irregularly shaped and sized spots, mainly used for moving targets; Imitation camouflage is a camouflage that imitates natural background patterns and colors, often used to fix targets.

保护迷彩和变形迷彩属于比较普通的迷彩。随着侦查设备的不断发展，设备的分辨率很大程度上得到提高，普通的迷彩已经不能满足要求，所以数码迷彩应运而生。在某种意义上数码迷彩也属于仿造迷彩。所谓数码迷彩就是由一个个称之为“像素”的小方格构成的迷彩图案。早在20世纪70年代末，美国就对数码迷彩进行了研究，但研究效果不理想。到90年代，数码迷彩技术快速发展，尤其是加拿大研制出的数码迷彩林地伪装服，具有良好的可见光伪装性能。数码迷彩通过色块的多种组合，使得不同颜色间的边缘模糊和破碎，且颜色对比度很弱。相比之下，普通迷彩斑点之间的界线分明，边缘平滑，色块颜色对比程度高。因此，数码迷彩更加容易使士兵与背景环境相融合，并且方便对图案的尺寸大小进行精确控制，不易重复，减少了人工设计时的主观性影响。

Protective camouflage and deformable camouflage are relatively common types of camouflage. With the continuous development of reconnaissance equipment, the resolution of the equipment has been greatly improved, and ordinary camouflage can no longer meet the requirements, so digital camouflage has emerged. In a sense, digital camouflage also belongs to imitation camouflage. The so-called digital camouflage is a camouflage pattern composed of small squares called pixels. As early as the late 1970s, the United States conducted research on digital camouflage, but the research results were not ideal. In the 1990s, digital camouflage technology developed rapidly, especially the digital camouflage forest camouflage suit developed in Canada, which had good visible light camouflage performance. Digital camouflage uses various combinations of color blocks to blur and shatter the edges between different colors, and the color contrast is weak. In contrast, regular camouflage spots have clear boundaries, smooth edges, and high contrast in color blocks. Therefore, digital camouflage makes it easier for soldiers to integrate with the background environment, and facilitates precise control of the size of the pattern, making it less repetitive and reducing the subjective impact of manual design.

近红外伪装方法

Near infrared camouflage method

实施近红外伪装多是对目标的红外辐射特性进行改进使其难以被发现。由于红外线没有颜色之分，目标被侦查到多是因为其亮度与背景不同。在近红外波段，由于红外侦查主要根据反射光谱，所以要使目标的近红外反射光谱与背景相似。

Implementing near-infrared camouflage often involves improving the infrared radiation characteristics of targets to make them difficult to detect. Due to the lack of color differentiation in infrared, targets are detected more often because their brightness is different from the background. In the near-infrared band, as infrared reconnaissance mainly relies on the reflection spectrum, it is necessary to make the near-infrared reflection spectrum of the target similar to the background.

对于单兵伪装服而言，实现近红外伪装一般采用低发射率的近红外伪装涂料或染料。早在20世纪70年代国外就开始研究近红外涂料。美国早研究出一种四色迷彩涂料，可以同时防可见光、近红外光和紫外光，以黄褐色、褐色为主，暗绿色和黑色为辅。在国内，王顺奎等发明了一种新型多谱段伪装涂料，能同时防可见光、近红外和热红外探测，性能优异。郭利等以聚氨酯为基体，研制了一种与植物反射光谱相似的近红外伪装涂层，有效提高了近红外伪装性能。

For individual camouflage suits, low emissivity near-infrared camouflage coatings or dyes are generally used to achieve near-infrared camouflage. As early as the 1970s, research on near-infrared coatings began abroad. The United States has developed a four color camouflage coating that can simultaneously prevent visible light, near-infrared light, and ultraviolet light, with yellow brown and brown as the main colors, and dark green and black as auxiliary colors. In China, Wang Shunkui and others have invented a new type of multi band camouflage coating that can simultaneously prevent visible light, near-infrared, and thermal infrared detection, with excellent performance. Guo Li et al. developed a near-infrared camouflage coating using polyurethane as the substrate, which is similar to the plant reflection spectrum, effectively improving the near-infrared camouflage performance.

红外涂层的方法工艺简单、效率高，但是涂层会导致伪装服的透气性下降、服用性能差、耐水洗性差等问题，所以红外伪装染料又成为了研究新方向。原CIBA（汽巴）和BASF（巴斯夫）公司研制出适用于纤维素纤维织物的还原染料（CI还原黑27、CI还原棕1等），这些染料发射率低，具有良好的近红外伪装效果，在可见光波段也有很好的防护效果。徐园园研究了还原染料对织物近红外伪装性能的影响，发现灰黑染料能有效调节织物在可见光波段的反射率，炭黑则能调节近红外波段的反射率。

The method of infrared coating is simple and efficient, but the coating can lead to decreased breathability, poor wearing performance, and poor water washing resistance of camouflage clothing. Therefore, infrared camouflage dyes have become a new research direction. CIBA (Ciba) and BASF (BASF) have developed reducing dyes (CI reduced black 27, CI reduced brown 1, etc.) suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics. These dyes have low emissivity, good near-infrared camouflage effect, and good protective effect in the visible light band. Xu Yuanyuan studied the effect of reducing dyes on the near-infrared camouflage performance of fabrics and found that gray black dyes can effectively adjust the reflectivity of fabrics in the visible light band, while carbon black can adjust the reflectivity in the near-infrared band.

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