山东三所新材料技术有限公司

实施近红外伪装多是对目标的红外辐射特性进行改进使其难以被发现。由于红外线没有颜色之分，目标被侦查到多是因为其亮度与背景不同。在近红外波段，由于红外侦查主要根据反射光谱，所以要使目标的近红外反射光谱与背景相似。

The implementation of near-infrared camouflage often involves improving the infrared radiation characteristics of the target to make it difficult to detect. Due to the lack of color distinction in infrared radiation, targets are often detected because their brightness is different from the background. In the near-infrared band, since infrared reconnaissance mainly relies on reflection spectra, it is necessary to make the target's near-infrared reflection spectrum similar to the background.

对于单兵伪装服而言，实现近红外伪装一般采用低发射率的近红外伪装涂料或染料。早在20世纪70年代国外就开始研究近红外涂料。美国最早研究出一种四色迷彩涂料，可以同时防可见光、近红外光和紫外光，以黄褐色、褐色为主，暗绿色和黑色为辅。在国内，王顺奎等发明了一种新型多谱段伪装涂料，能同时防可见光、近红外和热红外探测，性能优异。郭利等以聚氨酯为基体，研制了一种与植物反射光谱相似的近红外伪装涂层，有效提高了近红外伪装性能。

For individual camouflage suits, low emissivity near-infrared camouflage coatings or dyes are generally used to achieve near-infrared camouflage. As early as the 1970s, research on near-infrared coatings began abroad. The United States was the first to develop a four-color camouflage coating that can simultaneously protect against visible light, near-infrared light, and ultraviolet light, with yellow brown and brown as the main colors, and dark green and black as auxiliary colors. In China, Wang Shunkui and others have invented a new type of multi spectral camouflage coating that can simultaneously resist visible light, near-infrared, and thermal infrared detection, with excellent performance. Guo Li et al. developed a near-infrared camouflage coating based on polyurethane, which is similar to the reflectance spectrum of plants, effectively improving the near-infrared camouflage performance.

红外涂层的方法工艺简单、效率高，但是涂层会导致伪装服的透气性下降、服用性能差、耐水洗性差等问题，所以红外伪装染料又成为了研究新方向。原CIBA（汽巴）和BASF（巴斯夫）公司研制出适用于纤维素纤维织物的还原染料（CI还原黑27、CI还原棕1等），这些染料发射率低，具有良好的近红外伪装效果，在可见光波段也有很好的防护效果。徐园园研究了还原染料对织物近红外伪装性能的影响，发现灰黑染料能有效调节织物在可见光波段的反射率，炭黑则能调节近红外波段的反射率。

The method of infrared coating is simple and efficient, but the coating can cause problems such as decreased breathability, poor wearability, and poor water resistance of camouflage clothing. Therefore, infrared camouflage dyes have become a new research direction. The original CIBA and BASF companies have developed vat dyes (CI Reduced Black 27, CI Reduced Brown 1, etc.) suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics. These dyes have low emissivity and good near-infrared camouflage effect, as well as good protection in the visible light band. Xu Yuanyuan studied the effect of vat dyes on the near-infrared camouflage performance of fabrics and found that gray black dyes can effectively adjust the reflectivity of fabrics in the visible light band, while carbon black can adjust the reflectivity in the near-infrared band.